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MIS 660 Topic 1 DQ 1
Suppose you wanted to estimate the average household
income of all Grand Canyon University (GCU) students. To expedite the process,
you only gather household income data from all your friends who major in
business at GCU. You then calculate the average income among your friends and
report that it represents the average income of all GCU students. Is this a
good approach? If not, how would you gather data to derive a better estimate?
Explain your answer.
MIS 660 Top ic 1 DQ 2
Income data typically have some outliers. For
example, Tim Cook, CEO of Apple, Inc., had a salary of about 400 million in
2011. Suppose you had a data set of incomes in 2011 for all GCU faculty and Tim
Cook. Which measure of central tendency would you use when reporting on the
incomes in your data set if you do not want outliers to have much effect?
Explain your answer.
MIS 660 Topic 2 DQ 1
Suppose you had daily temperature data
indicating the “high” point of each day for 2015. If you want to show how the
high differs over time, what are some of the plot types that will allow you do
this? What are some benefits to binning the data into one of 52 weeks and
plotting the average high for each week? Would it make sense to do something
similar for the four quarters in the year? Why or why not?
MIS 660 Topic 2 DQ 2
Many times, data are missing because of
various reasons. This poses some challenges when doing data analysis. For
example, suppose you wanted to do some analysis of the yearly incomes of the
faculty at GCU. When asked for their incomes, 25% of the faculty did not
participate in the survey; therefore, their incomes are missing from the
dataset. How would you summarize the income data in this case? Is it
appropriate to ignore the missing incomes and summarize the data without them?
Should you estimate the missing incomes, perhaps with the overall average, to
complete the data set?
MIS 660 Topic 3 DQ 1
Data summarization is usually not enough when
performing analysis. Most of the time, adding context by telling a story about
the data is necessary to describe the analysis to others, especially those who
are not data-savvy. What are some general guidelines to follow to tell a good
data story? What story elements or structure should be used to organize the
presentation?
MIS 660 Topic 3 DQ 2
Consider your organization, or an organization
you are most familiar with. Explain the general process of data aggregation for
a typical metric (e.g., sales revenue, cost per unit, etc.) used in the
organization. What specific charts are commonly used to visually depict the
data? What might be some areas for improvement regarding how the data is
visually presented?
MIS 660 Topic 4 DQ 1
What are some of the limitations of using
Excel for pivot tables/charts? Why does that make software like Tableau more
appealing in the workplace?
MIS 660 Topic 4 DQ 2
Plotting summarized data will almost always
help to convey results more easily. However, there are situations where
plotting the summarized data instead of creating a simple table makes data
interpretation more difficult. Provide two examples of poor charts/graphs and
explain why they are difficult to interpret.
MIS 660 Topic 5 DQ 1
Data is useless without the skills to
manipulate, summarize, and analyze it. In fact, even after data is summarized
into a reporting format such as graphs and tables, it still requires someone to
add context and describe the results to fully explain the data. This can be
difficult, especially if data is being presented to nontechnical individuals.
Describe two techniques that can be used to better describe analysis results to
nontechnical individuals.
MIS 660 Topic 5 DQ 2
When most people think about data reporting
or visualization, they think about a nicely crafted graph that will not be
interactive with a user. Some new tools, such as Tableau, can create
visualizations that can interact with a user with informative pop-up
information, more drill-down information, and the ability to export filtered
results. Describe two benefits to having a user interact with a standard
report. Are there any drawbacks if the user modifies the report?
MIS 660 Topic 6 DQ 1
Summarize key data distribution concepts
including probability mass functions (PMF), probability density functions
(PDF), and cumulative distribution functions (CDF). Based on your organization
or any organization you are most familiar with, provide an example of a PMF, an
example of a PDF, and an example of a CDF, based on the type of data used in
the organization. How would you summarize each of these to someone who is
not familiar with each of these functions?
MIS 660 Topic 6 DQ 2
Suppose you had a six-sided die where each
number (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) has the same probability of showing up (1/6). If
the die is rolled an infinite number of times and the number recorded, what
will be the average value that shows up? Is the average value one of the actual
possibilities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6)? Why or why not?
MIS 660 Topic 7 DQ 1
Suppose you wanted to understand the
relationship between a customer’s yearly income (X) and the number of movies
(Y) the customer watched in a year. You then gather data on incomes and the
number of movies watched in a year. The range of incomes in your data set is
$5K to $150K. After fitting a simple linear model and performing all the
appropriate diagnostics, the model showed that, on average, for every $10K in
income, the customer watched 1.5 movies in the year. So, for example, if a
customer earned 60K in a year, he or she would be expected to watch nine movies
during the year. Now you want to apply this model to your very wealthy friend
who will earn $1 million in the next year. Is this an appropriate application
of your model? Why or why not? Provide specific examples to justify your
opinion.
MIS 660 Topic 7 DQ 2
If you regress daily high temperature (Y) on
the amount of ice cream sales (X), you will notice that there is a strong
positive correlation between the two. In other words, as daily ice cream sales
increase, the daily high temperature increases. This implies that if we knew
the amount of ice cream sales in a particular day, we could estimate, with a
high level of accuracy, the high temperature in that day. Does this mean that
if we wanted to increase the daily temperature, we need to sell more ice cream?
Explain why or why not?
MIS 660 Topic 8 DQ 1
Suppose you were asked to investigate which
predictors explain the number of minutes that 10- to18-year-old students spend
on Twitter. To do so, you build a linear regression model with Twitter usage
(Y) measured as the number of minutes per week. The four predictors you include
in the model are Height, Weight, Grade Level, and Age of each student. You
build four simple linear
regression models with Y regressed separately on each predictor, and each
predictor is statistically significant. Then you build a multiple linear
regression model with Y regressed on all four predictors, but only one
predictor, Age, is statistically significant, and the others are not. What is
likely going on among the four predictors? If you include more than one of
these predictors in the model, what are some problems that can result?
MIS 660 Topic 8 DQ 2
After building a regression model and
performing residual diagnostics, you notice that the errors show severe
departures from normality and appear to have nonconstant variance. What steps
would you take in this case to resolve the errors? If the problems are not
corrected after all steps are taken, what does that imply about the modeling
approach you are taking? Explain in detail.
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